In July of 2016, Kate Crawford and Meredith Whittaker co-chaired the first AI Now Symposium in collaboration with the Obama White House’s Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Economic Council. The event brought together leading experts and members of the public to discuss the near-term social and economic implications of artificial intelligence.

The second annual AI Now Symposium deepened the examination of the near-term social and economic implications of AI begun during the first Symposium, addressing four key issues in relation to AI: Rights and Liberties, Labor and Automation, Bias and Inclusion, and Ethics and Governance. These themes built on the work done during the 2016 Symposium, and introduced new areas of concern, with close attention to developments that have occurred in the intervening 12 months.